# Original functiondef f(x):    return x**4 + 3*x**2 + 2*x# Transformed function (conceptual, not actual code)def f_and_gradient(x):    # Forward pass    t1 = x**2    t2 = t1**2    t3 = 3 * t1    t4 = 2 * x    y = t2 + t3 + t4    # Backward pass    dy = 1    dt4 = dy    dt3 = dy    dt2 = dy    dt1 = 2 * x * dt3 + 2 * t1 * dt2    dx = 4 * x**3 * dy + 6 * x * dy + 2 * dy    return y, dx