def validate(self, X_val, y_val):
    val_losses = []
    for x, y_true in zip(X_val, y_val):
        y_pred, _ = self.model.forward(x)
        loss = self.compute_loss(y_pred, y_true.reshape(-1, 1))
        val_losses.append(loss)
    return np.mean(val_losses)